Why we use this taxonomy

In academic publishing—especially in the age of AI—readers need to know whether a paper’s contribution comes from originating new data or from analyzing and synthesizing existing data. Many rigorous studies (meta‑analyses, bibliometrics, secondary data analysis) are empirical without collecting primary data. Classifying by data origination makes those differences explicit.

Generative Research

Generative Research creates original data points that did not exist before the project began. Without the researcher’s intervention (survey, experiment, interview protocol), the specific evidence would not be captured.

  • Typical inputs: participants, instruments, lab/field context
  • Typical outputs: datasets, measurements, transcripts, observations
  • Common methods: experiments, surveys, interviews, ethnography, user testing

Non-Generative Research

Non‑Generative Research uses existing data, literature, or theories; novelty comes from the synthesis, analysis, critique, or lens applied—not from originating new data points.

  • Empirical Non‑Generative: meta‑analysis, bibliometrics, secondary data analysis
  • Theoretical Non‑Generative: conceptual papers, critical reviews, theoretical syntheses
  • Typical outputs: pooled estimates, citation networks, evidence maps, structured arguments

Decision matrix

FeatureGenerative ResearchNon‑Generative Research
Data at project startDoes not exist (created by the study)Already exists (used/synthesized)
Primary noveltyNew measurements / observations / responsesNew synthesis, analysis, critique, or lens
Common ethics focusConsent, privacy, participant protection (often IRB/ethics review)Attribution, faithful synthesis, analytic integrity

How this appears in AcademiaX Press

We expose this taxonomy in Research Articles as a filter and in article metadata as tags. Authors select a category at submission; the pipeline can validate the choice (based on the presence or absence of originated data) and flag mismatches for correction.

Submit with the taxonomy

If you’re submitting a manuscript, choose the category that best matches the paper’s primary goal. Mixed‑method work is welcome, but it should still have a clear primary intent.